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Board of Education (1954).Īfter Brown, Marshall argued many more court cases in support of civil rights. Having won these cases, and thus, establishing precedents for chipping away Jim Crow laws in higher education, Marshall succeeded in having the Supreme Court declare segregated public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Oklahoma Board of Regents of Higher Education (1950). When Houston returned to private practice in 1938, Marshall took over the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund and argued Sweat v. Maryland (1936) and Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Together with Houston, Marshall participated in the cases Murray v. From this point on, Marshall and Houston were dedicated to a strategy which aimed at ending segregation.
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He had received such a poor education that he neither knew what it was nor how to properly eat it. Yet, the discrepancy in the caliber of education for whites and blacks was made all too apparent to him when, one day while traveling with Houston, Marshall witnessed a black child biting into an orange. It was during this time that Marshall realized that the holding in Plessy was inherently flawed, for "separate" could never be "equal." Marshall had always felt that the only way for African-Americans, or anyone for that matter, to succeed was to receive an education. In 1935, Houston directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, and Marshall was his right-hand man. It was at Howard University that Marshall met Charles Hamilton Houston, the vice-dean of the law school. Marshall attended the all-black Lincoln University (the oldest African-American institution of higher education in the country) and, after being rejected from the University of Maryland School of Law because of his race, went on to attend law school at Howard University and graduated first in his class. Moreover, he also knew that the courts might be the best means for doing so. From an early age, Marshall was aware of racial injustices in America, and he decided to do something about them. Growing up in an era when Jim Crow laws still permeated much of the country, Marshall knew that many African-Americans were not enjoying all of their constitutional rights. Article III establishes the judicial branch of government and the Bill of Rights lists the rights that all American citizens are supposed to enjoy. He took special interest in Article III and the Bill of Rights.
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Marshall immediately liked the document and set about memorizing various parts of it. His father's influence was so strong that, later in life, Marshall once said that his father "never told me to become a lawyer, he turned me into one."Īrguably, Marshall's introduction to law came in high school when, as a punishment for a prank he had pulled, the school's principal made him read the U.S. As a young man, perhaps the person who had the most influence on him was his father, a man who always told his son to stand up for his beliefs. Tired of having his friends poke fun at his first name, he decided to try to improve the situation and, at the age of six, legally changed it to Thurgood. Thurgood Marshall was born Thoroughgood Marshall on Jin Baltimore, Maryland.
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Proposed Changes to Code and JC&D Rules.Confidentiality Regulations for Pretrial Services Information.Privacy Policy for Electronic Case Files.Special Projects of the Rules Committees.Preliminary Drafts of Proposed Rule Amendments.Congressional and Supreme Court Rules Packages.Permitted Changes to Official Bankruptcy Forms.Open Meetings and Hearings of the Rules Committee.How to Submit Input on a Pending Proposal.How to Suggest a Change to Federal Court Rules and Forms.
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